What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a detailed study that examines how a proposed project, such as a new building, road, mine, or industrial facility, may affect the environment. It assesses impacts on air quality, noise, water, soil, biodiversity, traffic, cultural heritage, and the surrounding community. The EIA identifies potential risks, proposes ways to avoid or minimise negative impacts, and ensures decision-makers understand the environmental consequences before granting approval. It is a key tool for responsible planning, transparency, and sustainable development.